Learning the Essence of Yoga
- Aligning with the Forces of Light
Dr Swami Shankardevananda Saraswati
Yoga allows us to switch on the luminous, intuitive and creative part
of ourselves. This part makes our lives a joyful, fulfilling and successful
journey. Without it, we live in a dull world of ignorance and monotony,
searching for answers outside of ourselves. By connecting to the luminous
parts of ourselves, we discover and experience the truth that everything
we need to know is within. This is the blissful experience that yoga can
give. It radically transforms our lives.
If we wish to connect to the deep, intuitive, luminous, and creative
part of ourselves, we need to consider what yoga really is. Before we
can teach true yoga, we must reflect on our own understanding of it. Take
a moment to write down your own definitions and understanding of yoga:
your thoughts on what yoga means to you. Is it simply flexibility, or
is there more? As you gain greater clarity about your definitions of yoga,
you will be able to understand and express the essence of yoga more skilfully
in your life.
What is yoga?
There are many definitions of yoga. Yoga means 'union' or 'connection'.
In Sanskrit, the word 'yoga' is used to signify any form of connection,
for example, between two planets in a horoscope. In a philosophical sense,
however, yoga means the conscious connection of the little egoic self
with the greater Self. Conscious connection to something allows us to
feel and experience that thing, person, or experience. Humans seek connection
because it is ultimately fulfilling. To not be connected is to be disconnected,
and disconnection is the source of our greatest pain. It leads to loneliness
and alienation.
Yoga is a science, that is, it is a body of techniques that leads us
to consciously connect with ourselves and with life. It is also the actual
experience of connection that results from practising the techniques.
There are many traditional yogic paths that facilitate connection to the
highest truth and awaken our own consciousness. These systems, such as
tantra, mantra, laya, kundalini, bhakti, jnana, karma yoga, and so on,
give us the tools to achieve higher knowledge and the experience of connection.
They are suited to different personality types. They allow each one of
us to access our own truth and to arrive at that truth by our own means,
through our own chosen path. It is very important as yoga teachers to
be totally respectful of every path.
The great sage Patanjali, in the system of raja yoga, gave one of the
best definitions of yoga. He said, "Yoga is the blocking (nirodha)
of mental modifications (chitta vrittis) so that the seer (drashta) re-identifies
with the (higher) Self." Patanjali's system has come to be the epitome
of classical yoga philosophy and is one of the six or seven major philosophies
of India. It is a very formal definition that expresses an ultimate aim
in yoga. Though few people ever attain total re-identification with the
Self, the journey towards this state is in itself very fulfilling. In
fact, Patanjali's system of yoga is the basis of yoga psychology: the
process of transformation of the limited, dull, and ignorant mind into
a self-effulgent, powerfully creative force for higher living.
The definition of yoga in the hatha yoga texts is the union of prana
(the upward force) and apana (the downward force) in manipura chakra (at
the navel centre). Hatha yoga teaches us to master the life force of prana.
By learning how to feel and manipulate the life force, we access the source
of our being. If prana and apana can be united in manipura chakra, we
can awaken a very powerful energy which leads to the attainment of raja
yoga, self-realization. Hatha Yoga Pradipika (1:41) states, "When
perfection is attainable through siddhasana (a powerful meditative posture),
what is the use of practising other asanas? When the flow of prana is
stabilized, the breath stops spontaneously (kevala kumbhaka) and a mindless
state (unmani) arises spontaneously."
The definition of yoga in kundalini yoga is the union of ida (the mental
current) and pingala (the pranic current) in ajna chakra (the third eye).
Yoga aims to unify duality in us by connecting body and mind. This leads
to the experience of the absolute, transcendent, higher Self.
My favourite definition of yoga is the one that Swami Satyananda's teaching
is based on. Yoga is any method that allows us to wake up to who we really
are and to what life is all about. Anything that allows us to be more
aware of ourselves and to feel connected to ourselves and life is a form
of yoga. It could arise from having a cup of tea, as is done in Japan
in formal tea ceremonies. Or it could be the sense of connection that
comes from doing something you enjoy like sports or gardening. Everything
we do can become yoga if it is done with awareness. Awareness is the key.
Awareness allows us to feel and experience connection. Without awareness
we could be connected and not even know it. So when we teach yoga, if
we are emphasizing awareness rather than just technique, we are supporting
the student's growth both inside and outside of the classroom.
Beyond asana
We need to be aware that yoga is not just a series of exercises for health.
Asanas alone are not yoga. They are just forms by which we can teach the
principles of yoga: higher living in union with ourselves and life. Asanas
give us health by working the organs of the physical body and thereby
opening channels for prana to flow and to stabilize the nervous system
and mind. Asanas sets the ground for higher yoga. However, there are many
great yogis who never practise asanas. They take completely different
paths to their own self-discovery. They may simply follow the path of
mantra or of Vedanta (enquiry into who we are).As a young doctor I met
a young man who was paralysed from the neck down. He was dying from a
disease called muscular dystrophy. Even though he was suffering, he radiated
an amazing calm and wisdom. His courage in the face of great difficulty
was inspirational. In fact, many doctors and patients would visit him
in order to feel better. He never taught me asanas, but was one of my
greatest yoga teachers.
Living yoga
These definitions of yoga present its ultimate aim. It takes most of
us many lifetimes to completely attain the last stages of true yoga. However,
we need to hold these aims in our hearts, as the more we get to know ourselves,
the more we discover the miracle that we are. Of course, we first have
to remove the old patterns of thinking and behaving that get in the way
of this discovery.
Yoga is a science of self-transformation, of speeding up our natural
evolution. And it is a journey that takes time. As practitioners of yoga
we need to remember that yoga is an amazingly broad and rich science of
self-development and self-exploration; that human existence is an amazingly
wonderful, awesome, and occasionally terrifying process; and that there
are tools which can allow us to face life with more courage, awareness,
skill and higher consciousness.
The key to yoga is awareness - discovering the luminous intelligence
that lies within us all. When we find and cultivate this aspect of ourselves,
we create our own health, happiness and peace which we can then, in turn,
convey to others.
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